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Aralia, described by Linnaeus, remains a poorly defined genus. Many satellite genera ofAralia have been proposed, and some have been accepted without critical evaluation. These genera includeCoudenbergia, Megalopanax, Parapentapanax, andPentapanax. This study examined the historical background of the establishment of these genera and their diagnostic characters. It was found that (1)Aralia s. str...
The type of the Linnaean nameBanisteria dichotoma was found to represent a species ofStigmaphyllon from northern South America known asS. humboldtianum (DC.) Adr. Juss. The correct name for this species isStigmaphyllon dichotomum (L.) Griseb. The misapplications of the namesB. dichotoma andS. dichotomum are reviewed. A full synonymy and description forS. dichotomum are provided, as well as a key to...
Mosses restricted to tepui summits in the Guayana Highland are relatively few.Sphagnum ornatum Crum, though, only recently described from Brazil, has been found subsequently in a number of localities in nearby Venezuela and Guyana. These additional collections make for a better understanding of the diagnostic features of a species characteristically found on the tops of the sandstone mesas of southern...
The pollination systems of two closely related genera.Cyphomandra andSolanum, differ in rewards offered and pollinator activity. I suggest that the anther differences which define these two genera have evolved in response to the different pollination systems. Male euglossine bees of the genusEufriesea were observed to pollinate the flowers ofCyphomandra endopogon var.endopogon while gathering aromatic...
A key to, and descriptions of, the eleven species ofZamia in Panama are presented. Four of these are new species:Z. cunaria, Z. dressleri, Z. ipetiensis, andZ. neurophyllidia. Floristically,Zamia, is represented in Panama by three elements: three Central American species,Z. acuminata, Z. fairchildiana, andZ. skinneri, which reach their southern limits in central Panama; three northern South American...
An annotated checklist of species of Euphorbiaceae of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana) and the adjacent region is presented and a key to the genera is provided. A total of 47 indigenous genera and 153 species are known from the Guianas, where species endemism is 14%, with the greatest number of endemics occurring in Guyana and the fewest in French Guiana. An additional 86 species and an...
Siphocampylus platysiphon (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae) is described as a new species from northern Peru. It is a member of subsect.Megastomi in sect.Brachysiphon and is most closely related toS. giganteus, a species common to the north in Ecuador and Colombia.
Hitherto “suppressed,”Cacao guianensis, based on a mixture of elements that can be referred to three currently recognized species (i.e.,Theobroma cacao, T. subincanum, andT. velutinum), is lectotypified by Aublet's illustrations of its flowers. This makesC. guianensis a taxonomic synonym ofT. cacao and encourages nomenclatural stability by permitting the continued use ofT. subincanum andT. velutinum...
Recent research for floristic treatments of the Anacardiaceae led to the discovery of three new species ofThyrsodium:T. rondonianum, T. bolivianum, andT. puberulum. Historically, the genus was confused with the burseraceous genusGaruga. Study of these genera has helped to refine our understanding of the relationships between the Anacardiaceae and Burseraceae. A revised description ofThyrsodium, a...
The genusJaltomata (includingHebecladus) is described. FiveHebecladus species are transferred toJaltomata.Jaltomata viridiflora is widespread, from western Venezuela through Ecuador;J. bicolor andJ. propinqua occur in central Peru;J. umbellata of the Loma Formation of the Department Lima, Peru is rare;J. ventricosa is known only from the vicinity of La Libertad, Otuzco, Peru. All are montane except...
New species combinations are made inBulbostylis,B. schomburgkiana andB. truncata from South America. A description, illustration, SEM photo of the fruit (achene), and comparison to related taxa are provided for each species.
Senna coimbrae M. Nee & Barneby is described and illustrated from plants indigenous in the Jardín Botánico de Santa Cruz, Bolivia. In the context of ser.Bacillares, of which it has the general aspect and morphology, the syndrome of two nectaries on each leafstalk, almost homomorphic fertile stamens, and short, relatively few-seeded pod is distinctive.
Three new species ofQuercus are described from northeastern Mexico:Quercus hintoniorum, Q. coahuilensis, andQ. miquihuanensis. These species form a morphological complex withQ. hypoxantha, which is shown to be of much more restricted distribution than previously reported. A key to the 4 species, full descriptions, synonymy, geographic distributions and illustrations are presented.
A new species,Zanthoxylum hamadryadicum, is described, illustrated and compared to its closest relatives. It is unique in its small leaves and leaflets, which are densely stellate-pilose, and its short racemes crowded on new shoots with 4-merous flowers. A new combination,Zanthoxylum hasslerianum (Chodat) Pirani, and some new synonyms among Brazilian species are proposed.
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